Central Retinal Vein Obstruction

Terminologies

edema: swelling due to fluid buildup
Etiology: the cause or origin of disease or condition
ischemic: ischemic refers to a condition caused by restricted blood flow to a part of the body, usually due to blockage in blood vessels. This lack of blood flow reduces oxygen supply to tissues, which can lead to damage or dysfunction.
macula: The macula is the cental part of the retina, located at the back of the eye. It is responsible for sharp, detailed central vision and color perception. The macula contains a high concentration of cone photoreceptor cells, which help in recognizing fine details, such as reading, recognizing faces and seeing colors vividly.

Intravenous fluorescein angiography: This is to inject fluorescein dye into a vein, which then travels to the blood vessels in the retina. Normally the dye fills the arteries first, then veins without delay. A delay in retinal venous filling sugests an issue with blood flow through the veins, which is commonly seen in conditions like CRVO. Intra-retinal leakage of dye means that the blood vessels are leaking fluid into the retina, which is a sign of vascular damage or breakdown of the blood-retinal barrier.
OCT: reveals the presence or absense of macular edema. PAMM (paracentral accute middle maculopathy, a specific OCT finding that indicates ischemia affecting the deep capillary plexus) is a sign of retinal ischemia.